A mode of conduct which the rabbis interpreted to denote practices commendable in themselves, though not mandatory. According to the Mishnah, “he in whom other men are pleased, God also is pleased”, because he knows how to behave and creates a spirit of harmony around him. Derech Erets therefore signifies courtesy, cleanliness and attention to one's appearance, avoidance of coarse expressions, consideration for women, and the respect due to parents and teachers. Above all, it means good manners, for one possessing neither Torah nor Derech Erets is an uncivilised boor. The Mishnah also records a teaching of Rabban Gamliel, that “it is admirable to combine Torah study with Derech Erets”, from the context, one sees that he was alluding to “a worldly occupation,” such gainful employment as would enable a scholar or student to maintain his self-respect and prevent him becoming a burden on the community.

 

This wider sense of Derech Erets was extended still further by Samson Raphael Hirsch, a founder of Neo-Orthodoxy, when he advocated a life style combining traditional Judaism and secular culture through the principle of “Torah with Derech Erets.” Two minor tractates of the Talmud, Derech Erets Rabbah and Derech Erets Zuta, provide ethical guidance and rules of conduct; they normally appear at the end of the order Nezikin.

 

Some Advice from the rabbis on Derech Erets

A man should not weep among those enjoying themselves and should not enjoy himself among those weeping.

One guest does not invite another to be a guest.

When visiting, do not ask to eat until it is suggested to you.

Do not eat in company anything that causes an odour.

Do not drink at one gulp.

A sage with a stain on his clothes deserves to be punished.

Never speak a man's full praise in his presence -- only in his absence.

Cleanliness brings holiness.

The servant who waits at the table should wear different clothes from those he uses for cooking.

Wear special clothes on the Sabbath.

Be zealous for the honour of your friend.

Never utter an unworthy thought.

 Avoid whatever is ugly.

 

There are seven signs of a wise man: he does not speak before one who is wiser; he does not interrupt another's speech; he is not quick to reply; he asks according to the subject matter and answers to the point; he speaks about first things first, and last things last; he admits if he has not understood a subject; and he acknowledges the truth.